How Much Should You Have Saved by Age?
Fidelity Investments publishes widely-cited retirement savings benchmarks based on your current salary. These targets assume a retirement age of 67 and that you want to maintain roughly 80β85% of your pre-retirement income in retirement. Here's the framework:
These are benchmarks β not rigid rules. Factors like your expected Social Security benefit, whether you have a pension, your planned retirement age, desired lifestyle, and healthcare needs all affect your personal target significantly.
The 4% Rule: How Much Can You Actually Withdraw?
The "4% rule" comes from the Trinity Study, which analyzed historical market performance to determine safe withdrawal rates. The finding: withdrawing 4% of your portfolio in year one of retirement, then adjusting for inflation annually, historically gave retirees a 95%+ chance of not running out of money over 30 years.
This means: if you want $50,000/year from your portfolio, you need $1,250,000 saved ($50,000 Γ· 0.04). Add your expected Social Security benefit to reduce the portfolio requirement accordingly.
π‘ Estimate Your Social Security Benefit
Create a free account at ssa.gov/myaccount to see your personalized Social Security earnings record and projected benefit at different claiming ages. Delaying claiming from age 62 to 70 increases your monthly benefit by approximately 76% β a powerful strategy for anyone in good health with other income sources in early retirement.
Catch-Up Contributions: It's Not Too Late
If you're 50 or older, the IRS allows additional "catch-up" contributions above the standard limits:
- 401(k): $7,500 extra/year (total $31,000 in 2025)
- IRA: $1,000 extra/year (total $8,000 in 2025)
- SIMPLE IRA: $3,500 extra/year
A 55-year-old maxing out a 401(k) at $31,000/year, earning 6% annually, accumulates an additional $430,000 by age 70 β just from 15 years of maximum contributions. It's never too late to accelerate.